Comparison of disinfection quality in nurseries of Nanjing during 2019 - 2021

Objective To analyze the disinfection quality and influencing factors of nurseries in Nanjing during 2019-2021 so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing preventive disinfection strategies and measures in nurseries. Methods Environmental samples from 389 nurseries in Nanjing from January 2019 to December 2021 were tested and the change of disinfection quality qualification rate was compared. Results The overall disinfection qualification rate of nurseries of year 2019-2021 were 96.32% 95.85% and 94.60% respectively showing a downward trend χ2trend = 8.67 P<0.05 . Specifically disinfection qualification rate of object surfaces staff hands and tableware showed a downward trend while the disinfection qualification rate of dynamic air showed an upward trend and the differences were statistically significant χ2trend = 23.17 12.32 5.37 21.48 P<0.05 . The total qualification rate of disinfection in Jiangning and Liuhe districts increased during 2019-2021 χ2trend = 21.46 24.05 P<0.05 . Conclusion Disinfection quality of nurseries in Nanjing has declined by year during 2019-2021 especially the object surfaces and staff hands. It is urgent to optimize and refine the strategies and measures for preventive disinfection in nurseries strengthen the training of personnel on disinfection knowledge and ensure the quality of disinfection in nurseries. © 2023 Chinese Journal of General Surgery. All rights reserved.

A Systematic Review On The Assessment Of Infection In The Elderly With Covid-19 And Fractures In ICU Based On Analgesia Point

This study has examined the principles of care of the medical staff for the elderly with fracture problems and corona virus in the special care unit. While the Chinese health authorities had previously reported the average age of the disease to be 75 years. Elderly people, especially people with lung problems, have a mortality rate of about 15%. The coronavirus acts like a seasonal flu. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 70 and 85 percent of all flu-related deaths and 50 to 70 percent of flu-related hospitalizations are among people over the age of 65. The most at-risk group is the elderly who live in day care centers. Among recovered patients with coronavirus in China, there is evidence that some of these patients have longterm lung damage. The researchers announced that among the 70 recovered patients, lung damage was observed in 66 of them in the CT scan. These injuries are caused by a build-up of hardened tissue that blocks blood vessels in tiny air sacs called alveoli, said Yuhei Wang, a radiologist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China. Alveoli absorb oxygen to form tissue debris around them. Tissue lesions can be a chronic symptom of lung diseases, including SARS and MERS, similar injuries were observed in recovered patients. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results is the property of ResearchTrentz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Impact of COVID-19 on foodservice operations within urban Kansas childcare centers

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic affected foodservice operations within urban Kansas childcare centers. METHODS: Three COVID-19-related questions were added to an online survey of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) participating childcare centers located throughout Kansas. Responses were collected from July through August, 2020. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis of open-ended responses were used to identify common concerns. RESULTS: Seventy-nine of the 138 childcare centers invited to complete the COVID-19-related questions responded (57.2% participation rate). The majority (n=56, 70.1%) reported decreased enrollment, whereas a small number (n=9, 11.4%) reported an increase. Approximately twothirds of the centers (n=49, 62.0%) reported foodservice operation modifications owing to COVID-19-related challenges. Three overarching themes were discovered within the centers' responses: (a) procurement challenges including decreased availability and increased cost of foods, (b) changes in meal service including shifting to disposable tableware and ceasing familystyle meal service, and (c) menu and production changes in response to enrollment changes and product availability issues. APPLICATION TO CHILD NUTRITION PROFESSIONALS: Future consideration for CACFP participants include shifting to more shelf-stable foods when faced with food availability issues and utilizing more cost-effective food purchasing options, which might be attained through group purchasing organizations. Well-developed emergency plans such as emergency menus should include plans for procurement challenges. Resources and training to increase understanding and knowledge of CACFP meal pattern guidelines may make menu changes based on availability easier or less challenging. Best practice guidelines, such as family-style meals, may have to take health and safety measures into consideration. As centers continue to experience COVID-19-related issues and plan for a "return to normal", child nutrition professionals can fulfill an important role in helping centers adapt their foodservice operations to meet the challenge.

Hygienic aspects for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in institutions with multidimensional, special education opportunities for handicapped children

This article discusses efforts and challenges concerning the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in specialized schools or daycare facilities for handicapped children and adolescents. In this heterogeneous group, a relevant proportion may face an increased risk of a complicated infection due to underlying chronic conditions. Their capability to adhere to the rules of physical distance, hand hygiene, face masks plus aeration may be limited. In addition, wearing a mask and keeping distance impaires necessary contacts concerning nursing care and nonverbal/visual communication between children and their caregivers.

New directions in centre-based aged care in Australia: Responding to changing funding models and the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: Centre-based aged care services are a key site of early intervention and support for people with dementia and their carers. This paper examines the impact of new aged care funding structures on centre-based aged care service accessibility and delivery. It also examines the challenges and opportunities for change facing the sector in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with 29 managers or supervisors of centre-based aged care services in Greater Sydney. RESULTS: The analysis reinforced the essential role of centre-based aged care services in improving the cognitive, physical and psychological health of older people with dementia and their carers. However, the changing funding context and the COVID-19 pandemic have created challenges in access to centre-based services, particularly for the most vulnerable. The challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic also opened opportunities for the introduction of new models of service practice to meet the individual needs of older people and their carers. CONCLUSIONS: Greater investment in, and flexibility in the funding for, centre-based aged care services is needed to facilitate access for people with dementia and their carers and improve their health and well-being.

Parents' and Childcare Workers' Perspectives Toward SARS-CoV-2 Test and Surveillance Protocols in Pre-school Children Day Care Centers: A Qualitative Study Within the German Wü-KiTa-CoV Project.

Background: Feasibility of surveillance through continuous SARS-CoV-2 testing in pre-school children and childcare workers (CCWs) to prevent closure of day care centers (DCCs) was proven in the Wü-KiTa-CoV study. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of continuous SARS-CoV-2 testing from the perspective of parents and CCWs involved in the study. Methods: A total of 148 semi-structured telephone interviews, repeated before and after the implementation of the surveillance protocols, were conducted with parents and CCWs belonging to the DCCs involved in Wü-KiTa-CoV and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Five main topical categories that influences implementation of surveillance protocols for SARS-CoV-2 in DCCs emerged: Generating valuable knowledge, Impact on daily life, Communication and information, Children's wellbeing and the Sense of security. Smooth integration in daily routines, quickly delivered test results, and efficient communication and information between the study team and the participants were identified as factors that had a positive impact on implementation. To ensure children's wellbeing, the introduction of non-invasive testing procedures such as saliva testing, parental involvement to motivate, and prepare children for the procedure, the creation of a child-friendly environment for testing, and use of child-friendly explanations were considered critical. The surveillance was found to increase the sense of security during the pandemic. Conversely, reliability of tests in the surveillance protocols, low participation rates, non-transparent communication, the need to travel to testing sites, fear of quarantine in case of positive test results, concerns about higher workloads, the fear of unpleasant feelings for children, their young age, and changing test teams were considered as hindering factors. Conclusion: This qualitative study of parents of children in day care and DCC staff under surveillance through continuous testing for SARS-CoV-2 in nine German DCCs identified several factors that facilitate or hinder its implementation. These should be considered when planning screening interventions to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 or other infectious diseases in pre-school children DCCs.

Structural Obstacles for Women in Academia: Availability and Costs of Campus Child Care

Women face tremendous obstacles to success in academic institutions. While we have witnessed incredible progress in some areas of representation of students, staff, or faculty who are women, outcomes by gender continue to be impacted by structural challenges in higher education. One structural barrier is the availability of child care. The article examines the availability and characteristics of child care centers at institutions with a public service commitment to social equity, as evidenced by offering degree programs accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Public Affairs, and Public Administration (NASPAA). Findings indicate that, of the 173 schools with NASPAA-accredited programs, 127 schools (73%) provide some type of child care for students, faculty, or staff members. However, the average full-time cost per child exceeds affordability guidelines which indicates a significant structural factor in child-care accessibility. While findings are descriptive, this study provides evidence of institutional barriers for women in academia.

Healthy Food Environments in Early Learning Services: An Analysis of Manager Survey Responses, Menus and Policies in Regional New Zealand Early Childhood Education and Care Centres.

Healthy food environments in early childhood play an important role in establishing health-promoting nutritional behaviours for later life. We surveyed Early Learning Services (ELS) in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand and describe common barriers and facilitators to providing a healthy food environment, through descriptive survey analysis and thematic analysis of open-ended questions. We used a policy analysis tool to assess the strength and comprehensiveness of the individual centre's nutrition policies and we report on the healthiness of menus provided daily in the centres. Sixty-two centres participated and 96.7% had policies on nutrition compared to 86.7% with policies on drinks. Of the 14 full policies provided for analysis, identified strengths were providing timelines for review and encouraging role modelling by teachers. The main weaknesses were communication with parents and staff, lack of nutrition training for staff and absence of policies for special occasion and fundraising food. With regard to practices in the ELS, food for celebrations was more likely to be healthy when provided by the centre rather than brought from home. Food used in fundraising was more likely to be unhealthy than healthy, though <20% of centres reported using food in fundraising. Only 40% of menus analysed met the national guidelines by not including any 'red' (unhealthy) items. Centre Managers considered the biggest barriers to improving food environments to be a lack of parental support and concerns about food-related choking. These results highlight the need for future focus in three areas: policies for water and milk-only, celebration and fundraising food; increased nutrition-focused professional learning and development for teachers; and communication between the centre and parents, as a crucial pathway to improved nutrition for children attending NZ early childhood education and care centres.

IoT-Based Autonomous Baby Monitoring System Using Mobile App Control

In this modern world, almost 80% of parents have to work in order to balance their financial demands. The probability of providing better childcare, especially for babies is reducing. Although hiring a guardian or sending babies to daycare centers can temporarily solve the issue, it does not reduce the anxiety and stress of the parents due to more and more child abuses being reported every year. During this Covid19 pandemic, the need for an alternative better solution is urgent when some parents are forced to undergo quarantine for at least a few weeks. In this paper, we propose to develop a long-ranged baby monitoring and controlling system. The system consists of hardware architecture that is inter-connected with an IoT network to monitor the real-time condition of the baby such as crying, awakening and cleanliness, and its surrounding environment such as temperature, humidity and motion. In the proposal, the overall system operation involves four different phases: data collection, information sharing and processing, output display and notification, and user control. At the end of the project, a prototype has been successfully constructed to collect the monitoring data, and then share and display them to the users accurately via mobile app. In addition, users can also remotely perform basic control over any components or devices that are connected to the system. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Assessment of ANN Algorithms for the Concentration Prediction of Indoor Air Pollutants in Child Daycare Centers

As the time spent by people indoors continues to significantly increase, much attention has been paid to indoor air quality. While many IAQ studies have been conducted through field measurements, the use of data-driven techniques such as machine learning has been increasingly used for the prediction of indoor air pollutants. For the present study, the concentrations of indoor air pollutants such as CO2, PM2.5, and VOCs in child daycare centers were predicted by using an artificial neural network model with three different training algorithms including Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian regularization, and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno quasi-Newton methods. For training and validation, data of indoor pollutants measured in child daycare facilities over a 1-month period were used. The results showed all the models produced a good performance for the prediction of indoor pollutants compared with the measured data. Among the models, the prediction by the LM model met the acceptable criteria of ASHRAE guideline 14 under all conditions. It was observed that the prediction performance decreased as the number of hidden layers increased. Moreover, the prediction performance was differed by the type of indoor pollutant. This was caused by patterns observed in the measured data. Considering the outcomes of the study, better prediction results can be obtained through the selection of suitable prediction models for time series data as well as the adjustment of training algorithms.

Power to the Parents: How and Why Illinois Should Exempt Parent-Led Cooperative Childcare Pods ("PLCCPs") from Day Care Licensure

Illinois childcare scheme is flawed because it anticipates only two possibilities: (1) that parents send theirchildren to a commercial childcare establishment where children are cared for by non-relatives and where facilities are subject to regulation;or (2) that parents send their children to a relative's home where, by virtue of the close relationship, no regulation is required. nlinois' regulatory scheme does not anticipate the possibility of parents blurring these two options by forming their own childcare solutions in which they provide care and share the burden of care with other parents. While COVID-19 popularized pod-based, parent-led cooperative childcare, this model is not likely to disappear alongside the virus. Given that childcare prices are rising at alarming rates and given that parents are more than equipped to assess whether an environment is safe for theirchild, Illinois should legalize pod-based, parent-led cooperative childcare by creating an exemption to current childcare licensure or at the very least, by allowing registration as an alternative solution.

Special Issue: Aktuelles zu COVID-19. (Special Issue: Aktuelles zu COVID-19.)

This special issue contains eight selected manuscripts on the subject of COVID-19. The selected manuscripts consist of case reports (one each from Germany and Austria), a report on "contact tracing" and the role of children in the spread of infection, and a description of the lockdown consequences in the private sector. K. Farber et al.from Rosenheim report on a 10-week-old infant who is admitted to hospital with suspected sepsis. S. Samueli et al.from Vienna describe the course of the disease in a 9-year-old boy with PIMS. U. Heudorffrom Frankfurt am Main reports on a project on "contact tracing" in Frankfurt day-care centers and schools. K. Theiss et al.from Homburg an der Saar describe the effects of the lockdown during the first COVID-19 wave on 34 pediatric and adolescent medical practices in Saarland. T. Heimann et al.from Hamburg, Ulm and Lucerne raise the question of whether and in what form the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns affect child protection. S. Schwarz et al. from Witten/Herdecke, Mainz and T..bingen present data from a Germany-wide register on the use of facemasks.

Symptomatic infants have higher nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral loads but less severe disease than older children. (COVID special issue #2.)

This study reports NP viral load in infants, children, and adolescents hospitalised and discharged from 14 March to 24 April, 2020. Of the 57 patients who tested positive counted with SARS-CoV-2, 20 (35.1%) were infants 12 months of age or younger. Older children and adolescents range from 1 year old to 21 years old. The mean NP viral load in neonates was significantly higher than in older children and adolescents. However, the proportion of neonates with severe illness is significantly lower than in older patients. The mean time to positive test from onset of symptoms is shorter in neonates than in older children. Rates were similar in both groups examined within 7 days of symptom onset. The report suggests that symptomatic infants have higher NP viral loads at the time of presentation, but develop less severe disease than older children and adolescents. Whether this is due to a slightly earlier presentation to clinical care related to host biology is investigated. These data have implications for mitigating the spread, especially in collective settings (e.g. day care centers) or hospital units (e.g., primary care units) for infants that serve this group.

Virtual day center for people with dementia and their caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic suspended face-to-face assistance offered by community spaces, such as day centers (DCs). People with dementia (PwD) and their families were faced with the risks posed by social detachment and suspension of treatments. Objective: This study aimed to present a virtual day center (VDC) program offered as a preventive strategy to reduce the damage caused by social isolation and interruption of treatment imposed by the pandemic. Methods: The experience report, describing the feasibility of a VDC program, offered to 26 PwD and their caregivers, during the first year of the pandemic. The VDC held individual and group meetings with PwD and their families and psychoeducational support groups for caregivers. Results: The attendance rate in group activities was 80%, and that in the caregiver group was 68%, showing a good virtual interaction. Throughout the year, three PwD interrupted the service due to difficulties of the caregivers to reconcile the schedules of the activities with their professional commitments and the absence of a support network, three others died, and two were institutionalized. PwD remained physically, socially, and cognitively active through daily virtual activities. Guidance and support for caregivers contributed to the organization of routines and adaptation to the isolation and maintenance of the bond. Family meetings made it possible to mediate conflicts and expand the support network. Conclusions: VDC is a promising modality to assist the needs and demands of PwD and their caregivers. VDC can contribute to the expansion of this intervention to individuals and families who do not have access to face-to-face treatment.

A pandemia da COVID-19 impôs a suspensão da assistência presencial oferecida por espaços comunitários, como centros dias. Pessoas com demência (PcD) e seus familiares enfrentam os riscos do distanciamento social e da suspensão dos tratamentos. Objetivos: Apresentar um programa de centro dia virtual (CDV) oferecido como estratégia preventiva para reduzir os danos causados pelo isolamento social e interrupção do tratamento impostos pela pandemia. Métodos: Relato de experiência, descrevendo a viabilidade de um programa VDC, oferecido a 26 PcD e seus cuidadores, durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. O CDV realizou reuniões individuais e em grupo com PcD e seus familiares e grupos de apoio psicoeducacional para cuidadores. Resultados: A taxa de comparecimento nas atividades em grupo foi de 80% e nos grupos de cuidadores foi 68%, demonstrando uma boa interação virtual. Ao longo do ano, três PcD interromperam o atendimento por dificuldade dos cuidadores em conciliar os horários das atividades com seus compromissos profissionais e ausência de rede de apoio, outros três faleceram e dois foram institucionalizados. PcD mantiveram-se física, social e cognitivamente ativas por meio de atividades virtuais diárias. A orientação e o apoio aos cuidadores contribuíram para a organização das rotinas, a adaptação ao isolamento e manutenção do vínculo. As reuniões familiares possibilitaram mediar conflitos e ampliar a rede de apoio. Conclusões: o CDV é uma modalidade promissora para atender às necessidades e demandas de PcD e seus cuidadores. O CDV pode contribuir para a expansão dessa intervenção a indivíduos e famílias que não têm acesso ao tratamento presencial.

Norovirus outbreaks in German child day care centers - interim results of the study NoroPrevent and comparison of infection control measures pre- And during SARS-CoV-2-pandemic

Background: In Germany, no information on the quality of outbreak management of norovirus infections in child day care centers existed so far. In particular, the identification of an index case of the outbreak can facilitate the initiation of preventive measures. Responsible public health authorities can support the outbreak management of day care centers, e.g. by means of a standardized recording of outbreak details. The project NoroPrevent initiated by the German Association for the Control of Viral Diseases (DVV) has two aims: To develop a checklist for health authorities, that can be delivered to day care centers for identifying infection prevention potentials and also to collect data about outbreak details. First results are presented here. Methods: Standardized documentation forms developed by us were completed April 2017 - December 2019 with the support of health authorities. To estimate the prevalence development of gastroenteritis pathogens in 0 - 4 year olds, data from the Robert Koch-Institute were used. The study was stopped at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020. Results: Preliminary results from 16 day care centers with 26 groups were evaluated. An index case was identified in only three day care center outbreaks. Hand and surface disinfectants (also non-virucidal) were provided in 22 groups. Pathogen diagnostics were performed in 16 day care centers. Spatial separation of symptomatic children whose infection was detected during angecare and who initially had to stay there took place in three of eight outbreaks. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a virtual standstill of gastroenteritis infections in the age group under preventive measures. Conclusion: The recording and evaluation of infection-limiting outbreak management of gastroenteritis infections, especially by noroviruses, at the facility level start immediately after suspicion and in a standardized manner. In future, lessons should be learned from the successes in infection prevention in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and detailed effects should be verified in a prospective case study. © 2021 mhp-Verlag GmbH. All rights reserved.

Limited Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 among Children in a Childcare Center, Canada, 2021.

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with no definitive source and potential exposure to variants of concern was declared at a childcare center in Ontario, Canada, in March 2021. We developed a robust outbreak management approach to detect, contain, and interrupt this outbreak and limit propagation among children.

Older Adults Used Fewer Home Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a Secondary Analysis of an Urgent Survey in Japan.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify reduced home care use among older people and its impact on user numbers and service provider revenues during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: We conducted this secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from long-term care providers in Japan and estimated the probability of client cancellations and service contraction for institutional and home care services adjusted for the service type, area, size, infection occurrence, and staff employment impacts. We then estimated the rate of change in user numbers and revenue related to reduced usage. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of home care providers experienced client cancellations and 42.1% experienced service contraction, both of which were more prevalent in home care than in institutional care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=11.09 and 1.60). Home-visit (AOR=0.70) and short-term stay (AOR=0.38) services were less likely to experience client cancellations compared with adult day services. Service contraction was less likely in home-visit services (AOR=0.60) but were more likely in short-stay services (AOR=1.49) compared to adult day services. The estimated reductions in user numbers and revenue related to service contraction for adult day services were 9.1% and 7.1%, respectively. Home-visiting services decreased by an estimated 3.4% owing to service contraction. CONCLUSION: The secondary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic include reduced use of home care services, especially adult day services that include social contact. These secondary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may cause functional deterioration in non-infected clients and financially impact service providers.

Association of the Quality Rating and Improvement System, Texas Rising Star, on Physical Activity and Screen Time Policies and Practices in Texas Child Care Centers.

PURPOSE: Quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) are systems approaches to assist states in providing high quality early childhood education. Texas Rising Star (TRS), a voluntary QRIS, exceeds state licensing standards and meets some obesity prevention guidelines. This study examines differences in physical activity, screen time, and outdoor policies and practices by QRIS certification. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Online. SAMPLE: After exclusion criteria, respondents were 431 Texas childcare centers. MEASURES: 2016 survey of policies and Go NAPSACC best practices. ANALYSIS: Chi-square and t-tests indicated differences in 1) practices and 2) policies by QRIS status. RESULTS: TRS-certified centers reported more policies for physical activity (M = 4.57 ± 3.07 vs. 3.61 ± 2.95, p = 0.009) and screen time (M = 1.91 ± 1.84 vs. 1.28 ± 1.56, p < 0.001) than non-certified centers. TRS-certified centers reported significantly higher frequencies for 7 of 14 physical activity practices, however no significant differences for screen time practices were found. Additionally, TRS-certified centers reported more outdoor practices, including more classrooms/storage (p < 0.001) and vegetable gardens (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: TRS-certified centers reported more physical activity policies and practices, more screen time policies, and more outdoor practices. TRS certification was not associated with screen time practices. QRIS can be a practical way to insert obesity prevention in early care and education. Using items from a widely used survey enables comparisons, however future research is needed in larger-scale studies. Some COVID-19 implications are discussed.

Technical requirements for prevention and control in kindergartens during COVID-19 outbreak / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Kindergartens are the key places for the prevention and control of COVID-19. This guidance puts forward the technical requirements for prevention and control of kindergartens from three aspects，which include organization guarantee and technical requirements, place and personnel requirements before opening; personnel management and control, cleaning and disinfection of the object surface of key areas, ventilation, food and drinking water sanitation, personal items disinfection, garbage cleaning after opening, and emergency disposal of suspected infection symptoms.